Research Framework: In contemporary China, the ultra-competitive education system leads middle-class parents to invest time, money and energy to obtain the best educational resources and ensure their child’s success.

Objectives : In an authoritarian context where the middle class is often seen as a supporter of the ruling party-state, I show that defending the children’s interests leads middle-class parents to take an interest in education policies in particular, and to denounce decisions that seem unfair to them.

Methodology: I carried out an empirical investigation for over eight months in Nanjing (PRC) in 2018, during which I conducted 37 formal interviews with parents. I also observed interactions between parents and educational establishments (public and private). This empirical investigation is complemented by online monitoring of legislative developments, opinion debates and the parenting blogosphere.

Results: I observed how participation in online discussion groups, following educational news, and monitoring their child’s educational activities lead to the emergence of a political consciousness among middle-class parents. This phenomenon encourages some parents to take action to defend their interests.

Conclusions : The emergence of class consciousness among some parents transforms their relationship to politics, redefining the notion of justice, equality and conflict.

Contribution : This research calls into question the passivity of the Chinese middle classes and the impact of parenthood on the political socialization of individuals.